ABSTRACT

“Popular Mechanics” by Raymond Carver is a short story that depicts the disintegration of a relationship between a man and a woman. The story’s focus is on the tension and conflict between the couple, rather than on the institution of marriage itself.

The story begins with a description of a violent argument between the man and woman, who are not named. They are packing their belongings and seem to be in the process of separating. The woman is holding their baby, and the man tries to take the child from her, but she resists. As the argument escalates, the man threatens to break the baby’s arm, and the woman responds by scratching his face.

The scene then shifts to a description of the couple’s house, which is in disarray. The furniture is overturned, and there are broken dishes on the floor. The man tries to leave with his suitcase, but the woman grabs onto his coat, and they struggle. In the end, the man wrenches himself free and leaves the house.

The story ends with a description of the couple’s baby, who is left behind in the chaos of the argument. The baby is crying and reaches out to both the man and the woman, but they ignore him as they continue their fight.

Overall, the story portrays a deeply dysfunctional and violent relationship between two people who are unable to communicate or resolve their differences. While the story does not directly address the institution of marriage, it suggests that the couple’s problems are rooted in their inability to form a healthy and stable partnership.

Figurative Language

Figurative language is the use of words or expressions that go beyond their literal meaning to create a more vivid and imaginative description. It includes a wide range of literary devices, such as metaphors, similes, personification, hyperbole, and more. Here are some examples of figurative language:

• Metaphor: A comparison between two unlike things, without using “like” or “as.”

Example: Her eyes were pools of darkness.

• Simile: A comparison between two unlike things, using “like” or “as.”

Example: He was as strong as an ox.

• Personification: Giving human qualities to non-human things.

Example: The wind whispered through the trees.

• Hyperbole: Exaggeration for effect.

Example: I’ve told you a million times to clean your room.

• Onomatopoeia: A word that imitates the sound it represents.

Example: The clock ticked loudly in the silent room.

• Alliteration: The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words.

Example: Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers.

• Assonance: The repetition of vowel sounds within words.

Example: The rain in Spain falls mainly on the plain.

These are just a few examples of figurative language that writers use to enhance their descriptions and create a more engaging reading experience.

Author’s Arguments

The author’s argument is the main point or central idea that the author is trying to convey through their writing. It is usually supported by evidence and presented in a persuasive manner to convince the reader of its validity. The argument can be explicit, where the author states their position directly, or it can be implicit, where the argument is implied through the tone, language, and structure of the writing.

Identifying the author’s argument is important for understanding the purpose and message of the text. Here are some steps to help identify the author’s argument:

• Read the text carefully and critically, paying attention to the main points and ideas presented.

• Look for evidence and examples that support the author’s position.

• Consider the tone and language used by the author, as this can reveal their attitude and perspective on the subject.

• Identify any rhetorical devices used by the author, such as repetition or appeals to emotion, as these can help to reinforce the argument.

• Summarize the main point or idea presented by the author, and consider whether you agree or disagree with their position.

By identifying the author’s argument, you can better evaluate the effectiveness and validity of the text and engage in a critical analysis of the ideas presented.

Construction of Phrases

A phrase is a group of words that function together as a unit within a sentence. It does not contain both a subject and a verb, which means it does not express a complete thought on its own. Phrases can be constructed in different ways, depending on the purpose and function of the phrase in the sentence. Here are some common types of phrases:

• Noun phrase: A phrase that functions as a noun in the sentence.

Example: The blue car parked in the driveway.

• Adjective phrase: A phrase that modifies a noun or pronoun in the sentence.

Example: The old man sat on the bench.

Adverb phrase: A phrase that modifies a verb, adjective, or other adverb in the sentence.

Example: She sings beautifully in the choir.

• Prepositional phrase: A phrase that includes a preposition and a noun or pronoun, often indicating location, time, or direction.

Example: The cat slept on the mat.

• Infinitive phrase: A phrase that includes an infinitive (the word “to” plus a verb) and can function as a noun, adjective, or adverb in the sentence.

Example: To read a book is relaxing.

• Gerund phrase: A phrase that includes a gerund (a verb ending in “-ing” used as a noun) and can function as a subject, object, or complement in the sentence.

Example: Swimming is my favorite sport.

By understanding the different types of phrases and their functions, you can construct clear and effective sentences that convey your intended meaning.

Conclusion

In conclusion, understanding literary elements such as figurative language, identifying the author’s argument, and constructing phrases are important skills for effective reading and writing. Figurative language adds depth and imagery to writing, while identifying the author’s argument allows for critical analysis and evaluation of the text. Constructing phrases properly is also essential for clear and effective communication in writing. By developing these skills, one can enhance their understanding and appreciation of literature and become a more skilled writer.